Aglaya

  • English Language
  • 8th grade

Aglaya

Reading and Text Analysis - English Language

  • Why is mathematics important in daily life?
  • Can you name any famous mathematicians?
  • mathematics, the science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. It deals with logical reasoning and quantitative calculation, and its development has involved an increasing degree of idealization and abstraction of its subject matter. Since the 17th century, mathematics has been an indispensable adjunct to the physical sciences and technology, and in more recent times it has assumed a similar role in the quantitative aspects of the life sciences.

    In many cultures—under the stimulus of the needs of practical pursuits, such as commerce and agriculture—mathematics has developed far beyond basic counting. This growth has been greatest in societies complex enough to sustain these activities and to provide leisure for contemplation and the opportunity to build on the achievements of earlier mathematicians.

    All mathematical systems (for example, Euclidean geometry) are combinations of sets of axioms and of theorems that can be logically deduced from the axioms. Inquiries into the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics reduce to questions of whether the axioms of a given system ensure its completeness and its consistency. For full treatment of this aspect, see mathematics, foundations of.

    This article offers a history of mathematics from ancient times to the present. As a consequence of the exponential growth of science, most mathematics has developed since the 15th century ce, and it is a historical fact that, from the 15th century to the late 20th century, new developments in mathematics were largely concentrated in Europe and North America. For these reasons, the bulk of this article is devoted to European developments since 1500.

    This does not mean, however, that developments elsewhere have been unimportant. Indeed, to understand the history of mathematics in Europe, it is necessary to know its history at least in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, in ancient Greece, and in Islamic civilization from the 9th to the 15th century. The way in which these civilizations influenced one another and the important direct contributions Greece and Islam made to later developments are discussed in the first parts of this article.

    India’s contributions to the development of contemporary mathematics were made through the considerable influence of Indian achievements on Islamic mathematics during its formative years. A separate article, South Asian mathematics, focuses on the early history of mathematics in the Indian subcontinent and the development there of the modern decimal place-value numeral system. The article East Asian mathematics covers the mostly independent development of mathematics in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

  • Match the words with their meanings.
  • structure -the process of thinking logically about something
  • reasoning-a way that parts are organized or arranged
  • quantitative-a general idea rather than a concrete object
  • abstraction-related to numbers or amounts
  • commerce-to support or keep something going
  • sustain-the activity of buying and selling goods
  • axiom-a statement that can be proved using facts and logic
  • theorem-a statement that is accepted as true without proof
  • civilization-the power to affect how someone or something develops
  • influence-an advanced human society with culture and knowledge
  • Fill in the blanks with correct words from the list:
    (structure, reasoning, commerce, influence, civilization)
  • Ancient _______ like Egypt and Greece made big progress in mathematics.
  • Logical _______ is important for solving problems.
  • Trade and _______ helped mathematics grow.
  • The _______ of India was strong in Islamic mathematics.
  • Geometry studies the _______ of shapes.
  • Choose the correct form.
  • Mathematics (has / have) been important since ancient times.
  • It (developed / has developed) far beyond basic counting.
  • Many cultures (were / have been) influenced by Greek mathematics.
  • Mathematicians (worked / have worked) for centuries to create new ideas.
  • Since the 17th century, mathematics (became / has become) a part of science.
  • Reading Comprehension

    Answer the questions:

  • What is mathematics described as in the first paragraph?
  • Why did mathematics develop in many cultures?
  • What are mathematical systems made of?
  • Where did most mathematical development occur after the 15th century?
  • Why is it important to study ancient civilizations to understand European mathematics?
  • How did India influence Islamic mathematics?

Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meanings.

Writing - English Language

1. I am interested in learning English. 

=> I like _________________________________________________

2. Lan likes using the computer best in her free time

=> Lan's favorite

3. I am interested in going camping with my close friends.

=> I fancy

4. Mr. Pike is a big fan of water polo.

=> Mr. Pike is fond

5. It is not a problem to me whether I have to pick her up to the cinema or not.

=> I don’t mind

6. John cannot bear listening to such kind of noisy music.

=> John dislikes

7. Watching historical films is very interesting to my younger brother.

=> My younger brother enjoys

8. She cannot bear talking with him about what he likes.

=> She hates

9. The thing that I hate most is motor racing, and I will never do it in my life.

=> I detest

10. It is really interesting for him to talk with his music teacher about jazz.

=> He fancies

11. He uses all his free time to look after his garden.

=> He spends

12. Making crafts or collecting things like stamps and coins are very interesting.

=> It’s very

13. We usually visit museums when we have leisure time.

=> We enjoy

14. I don’t like to get up early and prepare breakfast in the cold winter days.

=> I hate

15. It took us 30 minutes to rehearse the song.

=> We spent

16. It took Tom one hour to travel to his hometown last week.

=> Tom spent

17. It took him 30 minutes to watch the play.

=> He spent

18. He likes swimming and sunbathing.

=> He is interested

19. It took her nearly an hour to do the crossword.

=> She spent

20. My teacher enjoys listening to folk songs in her free time as this helps her to reduce stress.

=> My teacher likes

21. Jane likes skateboarding although this has hurt her leg and arm some times.         

=> Jane fancies

22. My aunt really loves surfing the Internet. She can even do it all day without being tired at all.

=> My aunt adores

23. Ngoc dislikes doing any sports or exercises, so her health is not good enough to study.

=> Ngoc doesn’t like

24. Some of my friends fancy making crafts. They often save money for some craft kits.

=> Some of my friends enjoy

25. Cindy is extremely interested in taking care of her pets. She doesn’t mind doing it every day.

=> Cindy adores ______________________________________________________________________

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เข้าถึงใบงานที่พร้อมใช้หลายพันชุด ครอบคลุมทุกวิชาในระดับ K-12 รวมถึงใบงานอนุบาล ใบงานคณิตศาสตร์ แบบฝึกการคูณ แบบฝึกอ่านจับใจความ และทรัพยากร ESL เลือกค้นหาตามชั้นเรียน วิชา หรือระดับทักษะ เพื่อให้ได้สิ่งที่คุณต้องการ ไม่ว่าจะสำหรับห้องเรียนประถม ทบทวนในระดับมัธยมต้น หรือการฝึกในระดับมัธยมปลาย ครู ESL ยังสามารถสำรวจคลังใบงาน ESL และกิจกรรมภาษาอังกฤษที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อรองรับผู้เรียนทุกระดับ เนื้อหาใหม่ถูกเพิ่มเข้ามาอย่างต่อเนื่อง LiveWorksheets จึงเป็นทรัพยากรที่ยืดหยุ่นและช่วยสร้างผลลัพธ์การเรียนรู้ที่ยั่งยืน