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Once upon a time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt tired of sitting on them. She just wished the eggs would break out.

Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and some cute little ducklings appeared. “Peep, peep” the little ducklings cried. “Quack, quack” their mother greeted in return. However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days.

Finally, it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled out. The mother duck looked at him in surprise. He was so big and very gray. He didn’t look like the others at all. He was like a turkey.
 

When the mother duck brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson. The huge grey duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the other ducklings did. “That is not a turkey chick.

He is my very own son and quite handsome” the mother said proudly. However, the other animals didn’t agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day.

Even his own sisters and brothers were very unkind. “You are very ugly” they quacked. The little poor duckling was very unhappy. “I wish I looked like them” he thought to himself.

One day, the ugly duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling lived alone through the cold and snow winter.

Finally the spring flowers began to bloom. While he was swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward him. “Oh, dear. These beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too” he said to himself.

But the swans did not attack him. Instead, they swam around him and stroked him with their bills.

As the ugly duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection in the water. He could not believe his eyes. “I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful swam” he exclaimed.
 

He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and was happier than he had never been.

Conjugation: use of do does did don't doesn't & didn't

used to / didn´t use to

What people used to do or didn't use to do.

To tal about what Neanderthals had and didn`t have

On my first day of school, I was filled with a mix of excitement and nerves. I woke up early, eager to put on my new uniform and grab my brand new backpack and lunchbox. After a quick breakfast, my mom drove me to school. As we arrived, I saw a crowd of other kids and their parents, which made me feel a little scared since I didn't know anyone. However, my fear quickly subsided when I spotted my friend Sarah, and we excitedly waved at each other. Together, we walked into the school and found our classroom.

Inside, our teacher, Mrs. Smith, greeted us warmly and introduced us to the class. She explained the rules and expectations for the year. Then, we dove right into our first lesson. Throughout the day, we learned about the alphabet and numbers, engaging in interactive activities and even singing songs. Mrs. Smith made learning fun and enjoyable.

As the day came to an end, I felt tired but incredibly happy. Not only had I made some new friends, but I had also learned so much. The thought of returning to school the next day filled me with anticipation and excitement. My first day had been a success, and I couldn't wait to continue my educational journey.

I didn’t mean to I didn’t mean to

🌟 Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Adjective
(Use -ed or -ing)

1. The movie was really __________ (bore). I almost fell asleep.
2. She felt __________ (disappoint) after she failed the exam.
3. That was a very __________ (confuse) question.
4. I’m so __________ (excite) about our trip to Japan!
5. The lecture was __________ (interest), and everyone listened carefully.
6. He looks __________ (tire) after working all night.
7. The story was __________ (amaze); I didn’t expect that ending!
8. I felt __________ (frustrate) when my phone stopped working.

💡 Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences with -ful or -less

1. Be __________ (care) when you cross the road.
2. She’s so __________ (hope); she never gives up!
3. Don’t be __________ (fear); everything will be fine.
4. That was a very __________ (use) idea — thank you!
5. This pen is __________ (use); it doesn’t even write.
6. He is always __________ (help); he loves to assist others.
7. The child looked __________ (care); he didn’t notice the danger.
8. She gave me a __________ (meaning) gift — I’ll always remember it.

✍️ Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Adjective

(bored – boring – helpful – careless – excited – tiring – hopeful – useless)

1. The teacher was very __________ and explained everything clearly.
2. I felt __________ after running for two hours.
3. Don’t be __________; pay attention to what you’re doing!
4. This tool is completely __________ — it doesn’t work at all.
5. The kids were __________ when they saw the fireworks.
6. That was the most __________ class I’ve ever had.
7. He’s still __________ about finding a new job soon.
8. I was so __________ that I started scrolling my phone during the movie.

📝 Student Instruction: Past Simple Tense

1. When do we use Past Simple?
   • To talk about finished actions in the past.
   • Example: I visited my grandmother yesterday.
2. Form
   • Affirmative (+): Subject + past verb
     • I played football.
   • Negative (–): Subject + did not (didn’t) + base verb
     • I didn’t play football.
   • Question (?): Did + subject + base verb
     • Did you play football?
3. Regular verbs → add -ed
   • play → played
   • watch → watched
   • clean → cleaned
4. Irregular verbs → change form
   • go → went
   • eat → ate
   • have → had
5. Time words for Past Simple
   • yesterday
   • last week/month/year
   • two days ago
   • in 2010

A Time for Thanks... and Reflection: The Story of

Thanksgiving is like, the most American holiday ever, right? We picture Pilgrims, turkeys, and a big

feast, all about being thankful. But there's way more to it than just that. It's got a long history, and

not all of it is as simple as the stories we hear in elementary school.

Harvest festivals and giving thanks have been around forever. Think ancient Greeks honoring

Demeter or Jewish celebrations like the Feast of the Tabernacles. Even way back in 1607, British

colonists in Maine gave thanks for arriving safely. But the Thanksgiving we know today? That story

gets a little more complicated.

Some people think the first Thanksgiving actually happened in Virginia in 1619. A colony called

Berkley Hundred held a religious service to celebrate their ship's arrival and said they'd do it every

year. But that colony didn't last, so the Pilgrims got all the credit. The Pilgrims, who landed near

Plymouth Rock, are usually credited with holding a harvest celebration with the Wampanoag tribe

in 1621. They ate things like lobster, clams, and, of course, "wild turkeys".

Here's where it gets tricky. The story we usually hear is all about Pilgrims and Native Americans

having a friendly meal together. But that's only one side of the story. Many Native Americans see

Thanksgiving as a reminder of what they lost when Europeans came to America. After that first

Thanksgiving, things changed quickly. There were massacres and wars, and Native Americans lost

their land and independence. So, for them, Thanksgiving isn't always a happy holiday.

Created with web.diffit.meIt's important to remember that history isn't always simple. There are different perspectives, and

it's good to hear them all. Some people might argue that focusing on the negative aspects of

Thanksgiving is disrespectful to the Pilgrims and the idea of giving thanks. They might say that it's

important to celebrate the good things in our history, even if they're not perfect. But others would

say that ignoring the negative aspects is disrespectful to Native Americans and their experiences.

They might argue that it's important to acknowledge the full history of Thanksgiving, both the

good and the bad.

Over time, Thanksgiving became more than just a harvest celebration. Presidents started

declaring days of Thanksgiving, and Abraham Lincoln made it a national holiday in 1863. The White

House even has its own Thanksgiving traditions, like the turkey pardon. The turkey pardon became

a tradition when President George H.W. Bush pardoned a turkey in 1989.

Today, Thanksgiving is a mix of traditions. We travel to see family, eat a big feast, watch parades

and football, and maybe even break a wishbone. Some people volunteer to help others in need.

But it's also a time to remember the real history of Thanksgiving, with all its complexities, and to

be respectful of different viewpoints. It's a time to be thankful, but also to think about the past

and how it affects the present

Fill in the blanks with  used to, didn't use to, use to

Illness Collocations

I. Find five verbs and five nouns or adjectives to make illness collocations:

0. FEEL SICK

1. _________________

2. _________________

3. _________________

4. _________________

5. _________________

II. Put the letters in order to make collocations.

    a). leef ciks

    b). ese a rctood

    c). amek na mpitntpoean

    d). vaeh na oiranpteo

    e). teg teertb

    f). etka rome scexiere

III. Complete the text with collocations from exercise 2. Use the correct form of the verbs.

     I was __0  feeling sick __  one day a few months ago. I didn`t think much about it, but the next day I was still feeling ill and I was also feeling very tired. It was the same the next day and the day after that. My wife told me I should __1 ________ . Now, I don`t really like going to the doctor`s, but I was starting to get a bit worried. Something just didn`t feel right. So I phoned the surgery that afternoon to __ 2 _________ for the next day.

   The doctor did a few tests and and he seemed really quite worried. In fact, he was so worried that he phoned immediately for an ambulance. I was rushed to hospital, where they did more tests. Finally, after about five hours, a doctor came and saw me. He said I could have a heart attack at any moment and that I needed to __ 3 __________ immediately.

    It was a real shock, but what could I say? So I followed the doctor`s orders and spent the next few months __ 4 __________ . I went for a check – up the other day and the doctor says I`m fine. I just need to eat a little less and __ 5 ________ .

Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice. Begin each sentence as shown.

1. More and more people adopt a green lifestyle.

→ A green lifestyle is adopted by more and more people.

 2. The students didn’t put the rubbish in the bins after the party yesterday.

→ The rubbish wasn’t put in the bins after the party yesterday (by the students).

 3. We will plant more trees in the neighbourhood.

→ More trees will be planted in the neighbourhood (by us).

 4. Our club is going to organise a lot of clean-up activities this weekend.

→ A lot of clean-up activities are going to be organised this weekend by our club.

 5. They discussed important environmental issues at the meeting.

→ Important environmental issues were discussed at the meeting (by them).

STUDENTS THINK FAKE NEWS IS FACT AND ARE USING IT IN THEIR SCHOOLWORK, SAY TEACHERS

Teachers are frustrated that students can’t accept that some stories on social networks are false, while experts suggest that students need better education about online dangers. Students believe that fake news is a fact, and are repeating it in lessons and using it in written work, teachers have warned. More than a third of teachers say their students have used false information that they found online, according to a survey by a teacher’s union.

The union’s general secretary Chris Keates said that the information was "worrying" and it showed that internet companies have a lot of power to influence people’s opinions, especially young people. International education experts are becoming more worried about the situation and say that teachers will need to teach children how to spot fake news. Others were frustrated that students didn’t believe that news they had seen on Facebook and other social media sites was not true, even when the problem was explained to them. One teacher said that students often thought that fake news sites were real, and also that anything that President Donald Trump said was a fact. Last week, German officials said they would give fines of up to 50 million euro to social networks if they didn’t take down illegal fake news posts. The new law would give social networks 24 hours to delete or block the content and seven days to concentrate on more complicated cases. Commenting on the results of the survey, Ms. Keates said that she was worried about the trend, particularly because many young people have never known a world without internet, and are less able to judge whether information that they read online is real or fake. She added that: "It is important for children and young people to be made aware that not everything they see and read online is real."

She said that teachers are trying to help educate students about using false information, but added that it was important for internet providers and websites to take responsibility for any material that is available, and also to deal with people who misuse their services. Last month, Andreas Schleicher, the director of education and skills at OECD (The Organization of Economic co-operation and Development) said that in the modern age, being able to tell the difference between what is real and what is fake is a critical skill. He added that: "This is something that we believe schools can do something about."

Adapted from the Independent by Rachel Pells, April 12th, 2017

·  I didn’t study for the test, so I failed.
→ If I __________, I __________.

·  She didn’t wake up early, so she missed the bus.
→ If she __________, she __________.

·  They forgot to bring their tickets, so they couldn’t enter the concert.
→ If they __________, they __________.

·  He didn’t eat breakfast, so he was hungry during class.
→ If he __________, he __________.

·  We didn’t leave the house on time, so we were late for the meeting.
→ If we __________, we __________.

·  She didn’t read the instructions, so she made a mistake.
→ If she __________, she __________.

·  I didn’t ask for directions, so I got lost.
→ If I __________, I __________.

·  They didn’t bring enough money, so they couldn’t buy the tickets.
→ If they __________, they __________.

·  He didn’t repair the car, so it broke down on the highway.
→ If he __________, it __________.

·  I didn’t wear a coat, so I caught a cold.
→ If I __________, I __________.

Since I don't feel like grading a final paper and I KNOW you don't feel like doing a final paper, your final project for this year will be...(drumroll please)... a creative project!

What does that mean? It means that your project is up to you.

TASK: 

Part 1: You are going to create some type of project (digital or physical) that illustrates 3 things: a visual representation of AT LEAST ONE novel we've read in class, what you've learned from said novel, and some indicator of your emotions towards the novel. In Part 1, you must submit a written proposal to me as to what your project will be: your proposal must include: the 3 components of your project (see above), a plan for what you intend to do each day in class, what materials you intend to use to make your project, and what texts you are going to get your sources from.

Part 2: Create the project using the guidelines listed above

Part 3: You are going to write me a 2 page argument explaining how your creative project represents your chosen novel. Your write-up should include: a claim, 3 pieces of evidence (quotes) from the book, 3 pieces of elaboration, and why you chose to do your project the way you did (or put another way: why DIDN'T you do another type of project?)

Dear David,

How are you? I hope this email finds you well and ready for a good story! I wanted to tell you about an adventure that I had recently, which I thought you may find funny!

Last Friday, I went to the park with my brother and friend Tony. It was a beautiful sunny day and everyone was having fun. Everything was going well until I decided to walk near the little pond. I didn’t notice the very slippery ground so I ended up slipping and falling down! Everyone turned to look at me. I was so embarrassed, but luckily, I didn’t injure myself.

But my misfortune didn’t end there. As we were walking home from the park, I tripped over a small rock. You can imagine what happened next…I fell again and this time I injured my leg. As it turned out, I sprained my ankle and had to go to the doctor! I am now recovering in bed, but my ankle is still in pain!

Anyway, I hope you had a better weekend than me! Haha! Please write back soon, I’m looking forward to your news!

Love,

Theano

writing what you did or didn't do

Didn't + past simple

Activity 1: Complete the sentence using used to or didn't use to.

Activity 2: Choose the correct answer.

REVIEW WORKSHOP: PRONOUNS, RELATIVE CLAUSES AND MODAL VERBS

1. Choose the right pronoun to correctly finish this sentence:

1._________ need to follow me closely.

A) You                   B) He                     C) She                                   D) It

2. Lewis, Luke and Thomas were mad because ________  waited ages for the bus.

A) them                 B) he                      C) they                                  D) it

3. Melanie and I are going soon so you can come with _________ .

A) we                    B) them                   C) our                                   D) us

4. Thank you for picking ______ up .

A) me                    B) he                       C) she                                  D) they

5. My boss told ____ that _____ had to finish the report today.

A) me/my             B) I /we                     C) we/us                               D) me/we

6. They took the money. Please run after ________.

A) they                   B) she                     C) we                                   D) them

7. What is wrong with ______?

A) he                     B) them                    C) she                                  D) they

8. Ali and Marcus would like to invite you to ______ party.

A) your                   B) they                    C) their                                 D) his

9. I couldn't find _____ book anywhere, but in the meantime, you can use ________.

A) its / its               B) mine / yours         C) your / mine                    D) my / your

10. There is a message for ______ boss on the notepad.

A) yours                    B) you                     C) your                              D) hers

11. My jumper has yellow stripes, but _______ is plain red.

A) yours                  B) him                     C) its                                  D) your

12. ____ house is in the northern part of the city.

A)John                       B) John’                   C) John’s                           D) Johns

13. I adopted a cute cat. _____ name is Larry.

A)it’s                       B) my                       C) its                                 D) our

14. Henry completed the report all by  _________.

A) himself               B) myself                C)herself                            D) themselves

15. Can you three finish the cleaning by __________?

A) themselves        B) yourself                 C) ourselves                   D) yourselves

16. The wife _________ killed the husband with a knife.

A) herself                B) himself                 C) herselves                    D) yourself

17. We should be proud of __________ for passing the test.

A) themselves        B) ours                     C) ourselves                   D) yourselves

18. The flashlight turned ______ on, I didn’t even touch the phone.

A) it                         B) itself                     C) itsself                          D) herself

19. My friend is mad at _______ for not going to the concert.

A) himself               B) hisself                  C) myself                        D) themselves

1. Complete using relative pronouns: 

                                      which, where, that, who, whose, when. 

Examples:

 A laptop is a device which is used for work and entertainment. This device offers many tools that are considered essential nowadays.

A hotel is a place 1)  _______ people can stay for a period of time. Hotels offer many amenities and facilities 2) _______ are designed to make their experience more enjoyable. 

The hotel staff are the people 3)  ________ are in charge of helping guests with what they need. 

As part of the staff, you can find receptionists, doormen, bellboys, and more. 

Receptionists are the people 4) _______  work at the front desk and help people with the check-in and the check-out; and bellboys are the ones 5) _______ carry the luggage to their rooms.

There are many famous hotels, but one of the best is The Four Seasons Hotel, 6) ______ is in the top 50 highest ranked hotels in the world. Bogota is one of the cities 7) _______ you can find one of its branches. This hotel, 8) _________ location is very convenient, is considered one of the most luxurious in the city.

Complete the gap with one of the three conjunctions (and / but / or).

The dog wants to go outside,__________ it is raining.
She has a doll, ___________ she has a big dollhouse. 
Do you like this one __________ do you prefer that one? 
I wanted to buy you something, __________ I didn’t have any money. Do you prefer cats __________ do you prefer dogs? 

Complete the text with one word in each gap.Use relative clauses, too much/many, enough, very and language for buying things.

Tia loved her job. She worked with VERY creative people and the work was challenging ENOUGH to be interesting, without being TOO MUCH stressful. Her boss was a VERY dynamic person WHO inspired everyone. The office was in a great area WHERE there were lots of good restaurants and interesting shops. The salary wasn’t VERY high, but Tia didn’t mind TOO MUCH. It was ENOUGH to live on.

Her friend Hugo was working as an intern – a kind OF volunteer. He worked in a bank WHERE no one seemed to have ENOUGH time to talk to anyone, and everyone was in TOO MUCH of a hurry to even eat.

Tia and Hugo met for coffee one Saturday:

Barista: Can I HELP you?

Tia: Yes, please. Two large coffees.

Barista: Cash or CREDIT card?

Tia: Cash.

Tia: Right. Here’s your coffee, Hugo. Now tell me all about your job …

Complete the conversation.

 A: Hi. Can I help you?

 B: Sure. This is too small – I NEED A LARGER SİZE.

 A: We’ve got it in a 12. WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRY IT ON?

 B: Good idea. WHERE ARE THE FITTING ROOMS?

 A: They’re over there.

 A: Any good?

 B: Yes, the 12 fits well. I’ll take it.

 A: Great. ARE YOU PAYING BY CASH OR CREDIT CARD?

 B: By credit card.

 A: OK CAN YOU ENTER YOUR PIN PLEASE.

 B: Sure.

 A: HERE IS YOUR RECEIPT

 B: Thank you. Goodbye.

Read the questions and choose the correct variant. 

1) How did Ellie's family feel about their marriage? 

a) They were happy. 

b) They were silent. 

c) They were shocked. 

d) They were angry. 

2) How did their house look like when they just moved in? 

a) It was new and big.

b) It was old and big.

c) It was new and small. 

d) It was old and small. 

3) What colour was Ellie's armchair? 

a) Green. 

b) Yellow. 

c) Black. 

d) Red. 

4) What tradition did they have? 

a) Watching movies. 

b) Cloudwatching. 

c) Horseriding. 

d) Painting. 

5) Where did Carl and Ellie work? 

a) At the cinema. 

b) At the museum. 

c) At the zoo. 

d) At the park. 

6) Which their dream didn't come true? 

a) To have children. 

b) To buy a car. 

c) To go to Italy. 

d) To buy a big house in the forest. 

7) They broke their piggy bank for the first time to .....

a) buy a new dress for Ellie. 

b) fix the car

c) buy a new tie for Carl. 

d) fix the roof. 

8) Carl prepared ..... as a gift for Ellie. 

a) a ticket to the zoo

b) a new book

c) plain tickets

d) a new car