Modals of Deduction

English as a Second Language (ESL)

A. Complete the blanks whith a modal of deduction. The context will help to determine the correct modal: (must, may, might, could, can't)

 

1. The lights are off, and no one's answering the door. They __________ be out of the house. 
2. He __________ be at the office; his car is parked outside.
3. Sarah is very good at mathematics, so this problem ____________ be difficult for her.
4. I heard some strange noises coming from the attic. It ___________ be the wind, but I’m not sure.
5. This package is very heavy. It ___________ contain something fragile.
6. John looks exhausted today. He ___________ have stayed up late last night.
7. The train is always on time, so it ___________ be late today.
8. You __________ want to double-check your answers before submitting the test.
9. They ___________ have left already; the meeting isn't until an hour from now.
10. With those dark clouds, it ____________ start raining soon.

 

B. The correct past tense modal of deduction should be chosen: (must have, may have, could hace, might have, can't have)

1. The kitchen is a mess. The kids ____ been playing in here.
2. She didn't answer my calls all day. She ____ been busy with something important.
3. The road was wet this morning. It ____ rained last night.
4. I can't find my keys anywhere. I ____ left them at work.
5. He looks so happy today. He ____ received good news.
6. There was no cake left by the time I arrived. It ____ been really delicious.
7. They ____ forgotten about the meeting; they didn’t show up.
8. You ____ seen them at the party yesterday; they were definitely there.
9. The door was open when I got home. Someone ____ been inside.
10. She ____ have known about the surprise; she seemed genuinely shocked. 

 

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

English

 

Topic: Simple Past Tense

 

1. Definition

The Simple Past Tense is used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the past. It does not directly connect to the present.

 

Example
I walked to the store.(The action of walking to the store was completed in the past.)

 

2. Formation of the Simple Past Tense

- Regular Verbs: Formed by adding -ed to the base verb.  
  - Walk→ Walked  
  - Play** → *Played

 

Irregular Verbs: Have unique forms that must be memorized, as they do not follow a regular pattern.  
  - Go→ Went 
  - Eat → Ate

 

3. Usage of the Simple Past Tense

Completed Actions in the Past:Used to talk about events that have already finished.  
  - She visited Paris last year. (The visit to Paris happened and finished last year.)

- Past Habits or Routines: Describes actions that were regularly performed in the past.  
  - He played tennis every Sunday.(Playing tennis was a regular habit in the past.)

- Sequence of Past Events: Indicates the order in which actions occurred.  
  - I finished my homework and then watched TV. (Homework was completed first, then TV was watched.)

 

4. Sentence Structure in Simple Past Tense

Affirmative Sentences: Subject + past tense verb + object.  
  - They watched a movie. (They completed the action of watching a movie.)

- Negative Sentences: Subject + did not (didn't) + base verb + object.  
  - She did not (didn't) go to the party.** (She did not complete the action of going to the party.)

- Questions:Did + subject + base verb + object?  
  - Did you see the new film? (The question asks if the action of seeing the film was completed.)

5. Key Time Expressions for Simple Past Tense**

- Yesterday
- Last week/month/year 
- Ago (e.g., "two days ago")

 

The last Sunday

English

The Last Saturday

 

Last Saturday, Emily and her friends went to the amusement park. They arrived early in the morning because they wanted to enjoy the whole day there. Emily tried the big roller coaster, and it was very exciting, but also a little scary. Her friend, Jake, didn't like the roller coaster, so he waited for her near the food stalls. After the ride, they all ate hot dogs and drank lemonade. Later, they played games to win prizes, but only Emily won a small teddy bear. At the end of the day, they watched a firework show. They were very tired but happy. It was a fun day.

 

Vocabulario

  1. Amusement park – parque de diversiones
  2. Roller coaster – montaña rusa
  3. Exciting – emocionante
  4. Scary – aterrador/a
  5. Food stalls – puestos de comida
  6. Hot dog – perro caliente
  7. Lemonade – limonada
  8. Teddy bear – oso de peluche
  9. Firework show – espectáculo de fuegos artificiales

Preguntas de ComprensiĂłn

  1. 1. Where did Emily and her friends go last Saturday?
  2. 2. What time of day did they arrive at the amusement park?
  3. 3. What ride did Emily try?
  4. 4. Who didn’t like the roller coaster?
  5. 5. What did they eat after the ride?
  6. 6. What did they drink with their hot dogs?
  7. 7. Who won a prize at the amusement park games?
  8. 8. What kind of prize did Emily win?
  9. 9. What did they watch at the end of the day?
  10. 10. How did Emily and her friends feel at the end of the day?

 

Complete the sentences using verbs into brackets (simple past tense):

 

  1. 1. Emily and her friends _____ (go) to the amusement park last Saturday.
  2. 2. They _____ (arrive) early in the morning.
  3. 3. Emily _____ (try) the big roller coaster.
  4. 4. Her friend Jake _____ (not like) the roller coaster.
  5. 5. At the end of the day, they _____ (watch) a firework show.

REVIEW WORKSHOP

English as a Second Language (ESL)

REVIEW WORSHOP

1) Choose the right pronoun to correctly finish this sentence:

1._________ need to follow me closely.

A) You                   B) He                     C) She                                   D) It

2. Lewis, Luke and Thomas were mad because ________  waited ages for the bus.

A) them                 B) he                      C) they                                  D) it

3. Melanie and I are going soon so you can come with _________ .

A) we                    B) them                   C) our                                   D) us

4. Thank you for picking ______ up .

A) me                    B) he                       C) she                                  D) they

5. My boss told ____ that _____ had to finish the report today.

A) me/my             B) I /we                     C) we/us                               D) me/we

6. They took the money. Please run after ________.

A) they                   B) she                     C) we                                   D) them

7. What is wrong with ______?

A) he                     B) them                    C) she                                  D) they

8. Ali and Marcus would like to invite you to ______ party.

A) your                   B) they                    C) their                                 D) his

9. I couldn't find _____ book anywhere, but in the meantime, you can use ________.

A) its / its               B) mine / yours         C) your / mine                    D) my / your

10. There is a message for ______ boss on the notepad.

A) yours                    B) you                     C) your                              D) hers

11. My jumper has yellow stripes, but _______ is plain red.

A) yours                  B) him                     C) its                                  D) your

12. ____ house is in the northern part of the city.

A)John                       B) John’                   C) John’s                           D) Johns

13. I adopted a cute cat. _____ name is Larry.

A)it’s                       B) my                       C) its                                 D) our

14. Henry completed the report all by  _________.

A) himself               B) myself                C)herself                            D) themselves

15. Can you three finish the cleaning by __________?

A) themselves        B) yourself                 C) ourselves                   D) yourselves

16. The wife _________ killed the husband with a knife.

A) herself                B) himself                 C) herselves                    D) yourself

17. We should be proud of __________ for passing the test.

A) themselves        B) ours                     C) ourselves                   D) yourselves

18. The flashlight turned ______ on, I didn’t even touch the phone.

A) it                         B) itself                     C) itsself                          D) herself

19. My friend is mad at _______ for not going to the concert.

A) himself               B) hisself                  C) myself                        D) themselves

 

  1. Complete using relative pronouns: 

                                      which, where, that, who, whose, when. 

Examples:

 A laptop is a device which is used for work and entertainment. This device offers many tools that are considered essential nowadays.

 

A hotel is a place 1)  _______ people can stay for a period of time. Hotels offer many amenities and facilities 2) _______ are designed to make their experience more enjoyable. 

The hotel staff are the people 3)  ________ are in charge of helping guests with what they need. 

As part of the staff, you can find receptionists, doormen, bellboys, and more. 

 

Receptionists are the people 4) _______  work at the front desk and help people with the check-in and the check-out; and bellboys are the ones 5) _______ carry the luggage to their rooms.

 

There are many famous hotels, but one of the best is The Four Seasons Hotel, 6) ______ is in the top 50 highest ranked hotels in the world. Bogota is one of the cities 7) _______ you can find one of its branches. This hotel, 8) _________ location is very convenient, is considered one of the most luxurious in the city.

 

5to Pio xll recuperatorio

English as a Second Language (ESL)

1) Use the words in the box to complete what is wrong with the people in the pictures.

 

Headache  -  cold  -  sore throat  -  backache  -  sick  - rash  -  cough  -  stomachache  -  fever  -  dizzy  -  toothache  -  flu -

 

 

         

 

Example: I have the flu.

1) I have a _________________.      

2) I feel _________________.

3) I have a _________________.

4) I have a _________________.

5) I have a _________________.

6) I feel _________________.

7) I have a _________________.

8) I have a _________________.

9) I have a _________________.

10) I have a _________________.

11) I have a _________________.                            

2) Read the sentences and complete with SHOULD or SHOULDN’T.

 

1) Tom has got a fever. He ________________ go to school today.

2) My mum has got an earache. She _______________ listen to loud music.

3) John has got a headache. He ________________ sleep and take an aspirin.

4) Daisy has got a stomachache. ___________ she _____________ (eat) fast food? No, she ________________.

5) My brother has got a runny nose. He __________________ use some tissues.

6) If Jennifer is sleepy at school, ____________ she _______________ (sleep) more at night?

7) Caroline hast got a sore throat. She _______________ drink some tea with honey.

8) He has got a cough. He ______________ go to the cinema tonight.

9) My sister has got a toothache. She ______________ go to the dentist.

10) Alice has got a cold. She ________________ play outside.

 

3) Choose the correct alternative in the following second conditional sentences.

 

1) If he would stay / stayed at home all year, he’d get / got fewer colds!

2) Doctors helped / would help more people if the hospitals had / would have more money.

3) There were / would be fewer accidents if we would stop / stopped using cars.

4) If I wouldn’t have / didn’t have a backache, I helped / would help you.

 

4) Complete the following sentences, use Second Conditional.

1) If you had the flu, _________ you go to school? No, I ___________.

2) I ________________________ (walk) to school If the weather was nice.

3) If Amanda didn’t like your music, she ___________________ (tell) you.

4) If I _________________ (know) her number, I ______________________ (call) her.

5) Jessica ____________________ (not get) colds if she _________________ (wear) jackets.

English exam

English

 

1): Completar espacios (Past Simple y Past Continuous)

Instrucciones: Completa las oraciones con la forma correcta del verbo entre paréntesis. Usa Past Simple o Past Continuous según corresponda. (5 puntos)

  1. While I _______ (walk) to school, it suddenly _______ (start) to rain.
  2. She _______ (not watch) TV yesterday because she _______ (study) for her exam.
  3. They _______ (play) soccer when the accident _______ (happen).
  4. What _______ you _______ (do) at 8 p.m. last night?
  5. We _______ (see) a shooting star while we _______ (sit) on the beach.

2): OpciĂłn mĂşltiple (Future Simple - Will y Be Going To)

Instrucciones: Elige la respuesta correcta. (5 puntos)

  1. Look at those clouds! It _______ soon.
    a) will rain
    b) is going to rain
    c) rains
  2. I think John _______ be at the party tonight.
    a) will
    b) is going to
    c) is
  3. They _______ a new car next year; they’ve already saved the money.
    a) are going to buy
    b) will buy
    c) buy
  4. Don’t worry, I _______ help you with your homework.
    a) am going to
    b) will
    c) going
  5. She has decided that she _______ to university after finishing high school.
    a) will go
    b) is going
    c) is going to go

3): Transformar oraciones

Instrucciones: Reescribe las oraciones en negativo y en pregunta. (6 puntos)

  1. He was reading a book.
    • Negativo: ______________________________
    • Pregunta: ______________________________
  2. They will visit their grandparents tomorrow.
    • Negativo: ______________________________
    • Pregunta: ______________________________
  3. She cooked dinner last night.
    • Negativo: ______________________________
    • Pregunta: ______________________________

4): Ordenar oraciones

Instrucciones: Ordena las palabras para formar oraciones correctas. (4 puntos)

  1. yesterday / didn’t / homework / do / he / his
  2. the / were / doing / kids / what / at 5 p.m.?
  3. going / we / are / to / tomorrow / leave
  4. was / playing / music / she / beautiful

5): ComprensiĂłn lectora

Instrucciones: Lee el siguiente texto y responde las preguntas. (5 puntos)

Texto:
"Last summer, Emily and her family went on a trip to Spain. While they were visiting Barcelona, they saw many interesting places. One afternoon, while Emily was taking photos of the Sagrada Familia, her brother got lost. He wasn’t paying attention and walked away from the group. Luckily, a kind stranger helped him find his way back. The whole family was very relieved when they found him."

Preguntas:

  1. Where did Emily’s family go last summer?
  2. What was Emily doing when her brother got lost?
  3. Why did her brother get lost?
  4. Who helped Emily’s brother?
  5. How did the family feel when they found him?

 

Puntaje Total: _____ / 25

 

Betzabeth Aleixo

English

REVIEW WORKSHOP: PRONOUNS, RELATIVE CLAUSES AND MODAL VERBS

 

  1. Choose the right pronoun to correctly finish this sentence:

1._________ need to follow me closely.

A) You                   B) He                     C) She                                   D) It

2. Lewis, Luke and Thomas were mad because ________  waited ages for the bus.

A) them                 B) he                      C) they                                  D) it

3. Melanie and I are going soon so you can come with _________ .

A) we                    B) them                   C) our                                   D) us

4. Thank you for picking ______ up .

A) me                    B) he                       C) she                                  D) they

5. My boss told ____ that _____ had to finish the report today.

A) me/my             B) I /we                     C) we/us                               D) me/we

6. They took the money. Please run after ________.

A) they                   B) she                     C) we                                   D) them

7. What is wrong with ______?

A) he                     B) them                    C) she                                  D) they

8. Ali and Marcus would like to invite you to ______ party.

A) your                   B) they                    C) their                                 D) his

9. I couldn't find _____ book anywhere, but in the meantime, you can use ________.

A) its / its               B) mine / yours         C) your / mine                    D) my / your

10. There is a message for ______ boss on the notepad.

A) yours                    B) you                     C) your                              D) hers

11. My jumper has yellow stripes, but _______ is plain red.

A) yours                  B) him                     C) its                                  D) your

12. ____ house is in the northern part of the city.

A)John                       B) John’                   C) John’s                           D) Johns

13. I adopted a cute cat. _____ name is Larry.

A)it’s                       B) my                       C) its                                 D) our

14. Henry completed the report all by  _________.

A) himself               B) myself                C)herself                            D) themselves

15. Can you three finish the cleaning by __________?

A) themselves        B) yourself                 C) ourselves                   D) yourselves

16. The wife _________ killed the husband with a knife.

A) herself                B) himself                 C) herselves                    D) yourself

17. We should be proud of __________ for passing the test.

A) themselves        B) ours                     C) ourselves                   D) yourselves

18. The flashlight turned ______ on, I didn’t even touch the phone.

A) it                         B) itself                     C) itsself                          D) herself

19. My friend is mad at _______ for not going to the concert.

A) himself               B) hisself                  C) myself                        D) themselves

 

 

  1. Complete using relative pronouns: 

                                      which, where, that, who, whose, when. 

Examples:

 A laptop is a device which is used for work and entertainment. This device offers many tools that are considered essential nowadays.

 

A hotel is a place 1)  _______ people can stay for a period of time. Hotels offer many amenities and facilities 2) _______ are designed to make their experience more enjoyable. 

The hotel staff are the people 3)  ________ are in charge of helping guests with what they need. 

As part of the staff, you can find receptionists, doormen, bellboys, and more. 

 

Receptionists are the people 4) _______  work at the front desk and help people with the check-in and the check-out; and bellboys are the ones 5) _______ carry the luggage to their rooms.

 

There are many famous hotels, but one of the best is The Four Seasons Hotel, 6) ______ is in the top 50 highest ranked hotels in the world. Bogota is one of the cities 7) _______ you can find one of its branches. This hotel, 8) _________ location is very convenient, is considered one of the most luxurious in the city.

 

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