Grammar points

English Grammar

  • Present Simple Tense

    • Structure: Subject + base verb (s/es for he/she/it)
    • Example: "I work in an office." / "She goes to school every day."
  • Present Continuous Tense

    • Structure: Subject + am/are/is + verb-ing
    • Example: "I am studying right now." / "They are playing football."
  • Past Simple Tense

    • Structure: Subject + past form of verb
    • Example: "She visited the museum yesterday." / "I watched a movie last night."
  • Past Continuous Tense

    • Structure: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
    • Example: "I was reading when the phone rang." / "They were sleeping at 10 PM."
  • Future Simple Tense (will)

    • Structure: Subject + will + base verb
    • Example: "I will call you tomorrow." / "They will come to the party."
  • Future with "going to"

    • Structure: Subject + am/are/is + going to + base verb
    • Example: "I’m going to visit my grandparents." / "He is going to study abroad."
  • Present Perfect Simple

    • Structure: Subject + have/has + past participle
    • Example: "I have finished my homework." / "She has lived in this city for five years."
  • Comparatives and Superlatives

    • Comparatives: Subject + verb + adjective + -er / more + adjective (for longer adjectives)
      • Example: "This book is cheaper than that one." / "She is more intelligent than him."
    • Superlatives: The + adjective + -est / most + adjective (for longer adjectives)
      • Example: "This is the tallest building." / "He is the most hardworking person."
  • There is/There are

    • Structure: There + is/are + noun
    • Example: "There is a book on the table." / "There are many people in the park."
  • Can (ability and permission)

    • Structure: Subject + can + base verb
    • Example: "I can swim." / "Can I go to the bathroom?"
  • Some and Any

    • Some: Used in positive statements, offers, and requests.
      • Example: "I have some friends." / "Would you like some tea?"
    • Any: Used in negative statements and questions.
      • Example: "I don’t have any money." / "Do you have any pens?"
  • First Conditional

    • Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb
    • Example: "If it rains, I will stay at home." / "If I see her, I will say hello."
  • Second Conditional

    • Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb
    • Example: "If I were rich, I would travel the world." / "If she studied more, she would pass the exam."
  • Prepositions of Place and Time

    • Examples: "in," "on," "at"
    • "The book is on the table." / "We have a meeting at 3 PM." / "I live in New York."
  • Questions with Wh- words

    • Examples: "What," "Where," "When," "Why," "How"
    • "What is your name?" / "Where do you live?" / "How are you?"

PET - Essential Words

English Grammar

a. Verbs

  1. Achieve (your dream) – To successfully reach a goal or dream.
  2. Arrange – To organize or plan something.
  3. Attend (a concert) – To be present at an event, like a concert.
  4. Available – Ready for use or accessible.
  5. Avoid – To stay away from something or prevent it from happening.
  6. Deal with – To handle or manage a situation, issue, or problem.
  7. Display – To show or exhibit something.
  8. Encourage – To give support, confidence, or motivation.
  9. Fail – To be unsuccessful or not achieve a goal.
  10. Find out – To discover or learn information.
  11. Had better – Used to give advice or a strong recommendation.
  12. Hire – Rent – "Hire" means to employ someone; "Rent" means to pay for temporary use of something.
  13. Hold – To grasp or carry something in your hands.
  14. Hold up (a queue) – To delay or slow down a line of people.
  15. Is refunded – Money is returned after a purchase or payment.
  16. Prevents him from + "ing" – Stops or avoids someone from doing something.
  17. Reach a place – To arrive at a specific location.
  18. Request – To ask formally for something.
  19. Review (a film / a book) – To give an opinion or evaluation of a movie or book.
  20. Run a business – To manage or operate a company.
  21. Spoil – To ruin or damage something.
  22. Fancy – To like or desire something (British English); can also mean "elegant" (adjective).

b. Nouns & Adjectives

  1. Confident – Feeling sure of oneself and abilities.
  2. Colleagues – People you work with (coworkers).
  3. Currency – The official money used in a country.
  4. Current (occupation) – The job or role someone has at the moment.
  5. Fare – The cost of transportation (bus, train, taxi, etc.).
  6. Fee – A charge or payment for a service.
  7. Goods – Items or products that are bought and sold.
  8. Increasing / Increase – "Increasing" (adjective) means becoming more; "Increase" (noun/verb) means a rise in amount or size.
  9. Issues (environmental issues = problems) – Problems or concerns, often related to the environment.
  10. Knowledge – Information, understanding, or skills gained through learning.
  11. Leisure – Free time for relaxation or fun activities.
  12. Length – The measurement of something from end to end; duration.
  13. Long lasting – Lasting for a long period of time.
  14. Queue – A line of people waiting for something
  15. Rides – gentle rides / risky rides in a funfair – Attractions in an amusement park, either calm or adventurous.
  16. Sensation – A feeling or perception resulting from something happening to the body.
  17. Shapes – The form or outline of an object.
  18. Sizes – The measurements of something (small, medium, large, etc.).
  19. Skill – The ability to do something well, usually gained through practice.
  20. Suitable – Appropriate or fitting for a particular purpose.
  21. The aim of – The goal or purpose of something.
  22. Venue – school venue – circus venue – A place where an event takes place (e.g., a school or a circus).
  23. Width – The measurement of something from side to side.
  24. Willing / Eager to – Ready or enthusiastic to do something.
  25. c. Structure Words
  26. A wide range of – A large variety of things.
  27. A great deal of – A large amount of something.
  28. As well – In addition; also.
  29. At least – At most – "At least" means not less than; "At most" means not more than.
  30. Beyond (this line) – Further than or outside a specific limit.
  31. Even though – Despite the fact that; although.
  32. Except (children) for – Not including (children).
  33. Despite / In spite of – Without being affected by something negative.
  34. Instead of – In place of something else.
  35. Lack of – The absence or shortage of something.
  36. Likely # Unlikely – "Likely" means probable; "Unlikely" means improbable.
  37. Plenty of – A large quantity or amount of something.
  38. Unless – Except if; a condition that must be met.
  39. Whether – Expressing a choice or doubt between alternatives.
  40. Additional Words
  41. Further – Additional or more advanced.
  42. Within – Inside or not beyond a specific area or time.
  43. Overnight – Happening during the night or very quickly.
  44. Hut – A small, simple house or shelter.
  45. Packed with / Crowded – Filled with many people or things; very full.

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