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Unit C: Heat and Temperature review

• Explain expansion and contraction in terms of heat

Things expand when heated and contract when cooled

• In Canada what do we measure degrees in?

Celsius

• Caloric theory was proven to be untrue because… (read textbook)

The mass of a heated spoon did not change

• Heat energy is measured in ___________

joules

• Heat energy flows from ___________________  to ____________________

Hot objects to cold objects

• What heating technology reappeared over time?

Central heating

• What are examples of non-sustainable resources?

Oil, coal, natural gas

• The transfer of heat energy between substances that are in contact with each other is called…

conduction

• When a metal spoon is put into a bowl of hot soup, heat is transferred from what to what?

From the soup to the spoon

• In what substances could a convection current form? (solid, liquid or gas)

Liquid and gas

• What substances absorb heat the fastest, a black shirt or white shirt?

A black shirt

• The transfer of energy by infrared rays is called…

radiation

• The energy of movement is called…

Kinetic energy

• The method of heat transfer when liquid or gas particles move from one area to another is called…

Convection  

• According to the Particle Model of Matter (PMOM), heating a substance does what to the particles?

Increases the kinetic energy of the particles

• The measure of the average Kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is called…

Temperature 

• The total Kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance is called…

Thermal energy

• When a liquid changes to a solid it is called… 

freezing

• What is the relative particles movement of each state of matter from fastest to slowest movement of particles?

Gas, liquid, solid

• During conduction, which way does heat transfer?

From areas of greater kinetic energy to areas of lower kinetic  energy

• When cooking chicken in the oven, why should the reflective side of the aluminum foil be toward the food?

The reflective side will reflect the heat toward the chicken causing it to cook faster

• Which state(s) of matter has a definite volume? (can take a shape)

Liquid and solid

• Materials that do not allow easy transfer of heat are called…

insulators

• The four natural sources of thermal energy are…

Fires, geothermal, sun, decay

• The name given to energy produced by the sun is…

Solar energy

• Heating systems are controlled by…

Thermostats 

• Every insulator is given a number showing its insulating ability, this is known as its…

R-value

• Heating systems that provide heat for a larger area from a single source is known as…

Central heating

• Many thermostats contain a strip which is made up of two different metals; this is called a…

Bimetallic strip

• Insulation is used to…

Prevent heat transfer from the warm object to the cold object

• One source of energy is not limited, does not create pollution, nor does it carry radiation risks. This source is… 

The sun

• Making effective energy use choices begins with…

Separating societal needs from societal wants

• What is a non-renewable resource?

It can not be replaced

• An example of a renewable energy resource is…

Wind, water, solar

• A major disadvantage of using wind energy is that…

It can only be used in windy areas

• Which energy sources produce extremely hazardous waste material?

nuclear

• An advantage of using hydroelectric energy is that…

It does not create air pollution

• To improve their energy efficiency, many large companies that produce electricity now use a process called…

Cogeneration

When it comes to kittens, the bond with their mother is crucial for their development and well-being. Understanding when kittens can safely leave their mom is essential for ensuring their health and socialization. Here's a comprehensive guide on when can kittens leave their mom and how to prepare them for their transition to a new home.

Age Matters

Kittens should ideally stay with their mother and littermates for at least 8 to 10 weeks. During this time, they learn important social and behavioral skills from their mother and siblings. These skills include proper grooming techniques, litter box usage, and how to interact with other cats.

Weaning Process

Around 4 weeks of age, kittens begin the weaning process, where they start to transition from nursing to eating solid food. This process usually continues until they are 8 weeks old, at which point they should be fully weaned and eating solid kitten food.

Socialization Period

Between 2 to 7 weeks of age, kittens go through a critical socialization period where they learn how to interact with other cats and humans. During this time, they develop important social skills and behaviors that will shape their personalities as adult cats.

Physical Development

Kittens need time to develop physically before they can be separated from their mother. At around 8 weeks of age, kittens are typically fully weaned, have developed their coordination and strength, and are ready to explore their environment more independently.

Health Considerations

Before separating kittens from their mother, it's essential to ensure they are in good health. They should have received their initial vaccinations and deworming treatments from their mother or a veterinarian. Additionally, they should be free from any signs of illness or congenital defects.

Transitioning to a New Home

When kittens are ready to leave their mother, it's crucial to make the transition as smooth as possible. This includes preparing a safe and comfortable environment for them in their new home, complete with a cozy bed, litter box, food, and water. Providing toys and scratching posts will also help keep them mentally and physically stimulated.

Gradual Separation

If possible, consider a gradual separation process where kittens spend short periods of time away from their mother before the final separation. This helps them adjust to their new surroundings and reduces the stress of the transition.

Adoption Age

Many reputable breeders and rescue organizations adhere to a minimum adoption age of 8 weeks for kittens. This ensures that kittens have had adequate time with their mother and littermates and are developmentally ready to transition to their new homes.

Conclusion

Knowing when kittens can safely leave their mother is essential for their health and well-being. By allowing kittens to stay with their mother for at least 8 to 10 weeks, ensuring they are in good health, and providing a smooth transition to their new home, you can help set them up for a happy and healthy life. Remember to consult with a veterinarian or animal welfare expert for personalized advice on caring for kittens during this critical stage of their development.

Put the pictures in the correct order and write the verb.

Guidelines for beginning the creative writing process

Troubleshooting Process to Hardware

refrigeration

Exit slip to assess learning process.

Complete the activity below by selecting the input, process, output for this robot.

Try to select correct answers.

Grammar - process 2

Indicating a sequence on a software process

IMPERATIVE VERBS

Choose the best term for the definitions below

Pareo definicion

All Questions are com

• Why is mathematics important in daily life?
• Can you name any famous mathematicians?
• mathematics, the science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. It deals with logical reasoning and quantitative calculation, and its development has involved an increasing degree of idealization and abstraction of its subject matter. Since the 17th century, mathematics has been an indispensable adjunct to the physical sciences and technology, and in more recent times it has assumed a similar role in the quantitative aspects of the life sciences.

  In many cultures—under the stimulus of the needs of practical pursuits, such as commerce and agriculture—mathematics has developed far beyond basic counting. This growth has been greatest in societies complex enough to sustain these activities and to provide leisure for contemplation and the opportunity to build on the achievements of earlier mathematicians.

  All mathematical systems (for example, Euclidean geometry) are combinations of sets of axioms and of theorems that can be logically deduced from the axioms. Inquiries into the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics reduce to questions of whether the axioms of a given system ensure its completeness and its consistency. For full treatment of this aspect, see mathematics, foundations of.

  This article offers a history of mathematics from ancient times to the present. As a consequence of the exponential growth of science, most mathematics has developed since the 15th century ce, and it is a historical fact that, from the 15th century to the late 20th century, new developments in mathematics were largely concentrated in Europe and North America. For these reasons, the bulk of this article is devoted to European developments since 1500.

  This does not mean, however, that developments elsewhere have been unimportant. Indeed, to understand the history of mathematics in Europe, it is necessary to know its history at least in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, in ancient Greece, and in Islamic civilization from the 9th to the 15th century. The way in which these civilizations influenced one another and the important direct contributions Greece and Islam made to later developments are discussed in the first parts of this article.

  India’s contributions to the development of contemporary mathematics were made through the considerable influence of Indian achievements on Islamic mathematics during its formative years. A separate article, South Asian mathematics, focuses on the early history of mathematics in the Indian subcontinent and the development there of the modern decimal place-value numeral system. The article East Asian mathematics covers the mostly independent development of mathematics in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

• Match the words with their meanings.
• structure -the process of thinking logically about something
• reasoning-a way that parts are organized or arranged
• quantitative-a general idea rather than a concrete object
• abstraction-related to numbers or amounts
• commerce-to support or keep something going
• sustain-the activity of buying and selling goods
• axiom-a statement that can be proved using facts and logic
• theorem-a statement that is accepted as true without proof
• civilization-the power to affect how someone or something develops
• influence-an advanced human society with culture and knowledge
• Fill in the blanks with correct words from the list:
  (structure, reasoning, commerce, influence, civilization)
• Ancient _______ like Egypt and Greece made big progress in mathematics.
• Logical _______ is important for solving problems.
• Trade and _______ helped mathematics grow.
• The _______ of India was strong in Islamic mathematics.
• Geometry studies the _______ of shapes.
• Choose the correct form.
• Mathematics (has / have) been important since ancient times.
• It (developed / has developed) far beyond basic counting.
• Many cultures (were / have been) influenced by Greek mathematics.
• Mathematicians (worked / have worked) for centuries to create new ideas.
• Since the 17th century, mathematics (became / has become) a part of science.
• Reading Comprehension

  Answer the questions:

• What is mathematics described as in the first paragraph?
• Why did mathematics develop in many cultures?
• What are mathematical systems made of?
• Where did most mathematical development occur after the 15th century?
• Why is it important to study ancient civilizations to understand European mathematics?
• How did India influence Islamic mathematics?

For this final activity, I will present an animated image that represents a park in my city and record an audio describing what is in it using There is / There are. Students listen to my description and look at the image to understand the park’s features. After that, they write three sentences comparing my park with their own using the same grammatical structure. This activity integrates listening input with written output, encouraging students to process oral information and transform it into comparative statements. It helps them connect personal experience with language practice, making the task more meaningful. The activity focuses on developing writing fluency and reinforcing the use of descriptive language. It also strengthens students’ comprehension of real-life contexts since they must understand my description before writing. By comparing two parks, students practice organizing ideas and expressing similarities or differences using correct grammar.

Using the information, create a mind map with at least 10 points. Your mind map should include Alexander Graham Bell’s background, the process of his invention, and the impact of the invention. You have 15 minutes to complete this task. Make sure everyone in your group participates.

Complete the activity

A Christian holiday signifying the birth of Jesus, Christmas is widely celebrated and enjoyed across the
United States and the world. The holiday always falls on 25 December (regardless of the day of the
week), and is typically accompanied by decorations, presents, and special meals.
Specifically, the legend behind Christmas (and the one that most children are told) is that Santa Claus,
a bearded, hefty, jolly, and red-jacket-wearing old man who lives in the North Pole, spends the year
crafting presents with his elves, or small, festive, excited Santa-assistants. All the children who behave
throughout the year are admitted to the Good List, and will presumably receive their desired gifts on
Christmas, while those who don't behave are placed on the Naughty List, and will presumably
(although the matter is determined by parents) receive a lump of coal.
Santa Claus is said to fly around the Christmas sky in a sled powered by his magical reindeer, or
cold-resistant, mythically powered, individually named animals, delivering presents to each child's
house in the process. Santa is also expected to slide through chimneys to deliver these presents
(homes not equipped with chimneys might "leave the front door cracked open"), and children
sometimes arrange cookies or other treats on a plate for him to enjoy.

Fill the blanks