Kara Batyr Test

English as a Second Language (ESL)

A legend

 

When the bravest hero Khara-Batyr was still a little boy, his aul was attacked by raiders who caught him and made him tend their ships. He was wearing rugs and fed upon the sheep milk only.

Once, when boy was sitting alone in his sadness, the crow came to him. He addressed the crow saying:

Dear crow, my dear beard,

You who feed upon the blood,

I will give you this amulet of my neck,

Take it and fly to my aul, to my home,

Where my father lives sad and alone,

You give him this amulet back.

The crow only croaked and flied away. After some time the magpie came. The boy addressed to magpie that time:

Dear magpie, my dear beard,

You, who live with carrion alone,

I will give you this amulet,

Fly and bring it to my sweet home!

The magpie only chattered for a little and she left as well. Then the cranes came and landed nearby. The boy began to ask them:

Dear cranes, my sweet lords,

Each of you, who are known for long neck,

Take this amulet to my home

For my father to have it back.

The cranes clanged and they too left the boy alone. After some time he saw another birds, this time they were geese. So he talked to the gees:

Dear geese, my dear friends,

Now I ask and you’re my last hope,

I will give you this amulet,

Fly and bring it to my sweet home!

But the geese left him as well. After then came the swans. Boy had nothing to do, but to ask the swans this time:

Dear swans, you are lords of the lakes,

The most beautiful of the birds,

I will give you this amulet,

Fly and bring it to my sweet home!

The swans turned their heads to him, hesitated for a little, but finally they also abandoned little boy. After some time he saw the little swallow. He decided to try for the last time and talked to the swallow:

Dear swallow, sweet little bird,

I’m enslaved by my evil foes,

I will give you this amulet,

Fly and bring it to my sweet home!

The swallow firs took up, flight for some time in the air, but then it felt sorry for the boy, so the swallow came back and sit on the tree branch nearby.

“Even if my father gets this amulet”, the boy thought, “he still will not know among what people I do live”. So he took his knife, pierced his hand with it and drew Turkmen tamga in the reverse side of amulet. After that he tied it to swallow’s neck, told the bird where to find his parents and set it fly.

The swallow followed the direction boy showed her.

Through the chains of high mountains

And the depths of the lakes,

Over the wastelands and deserts,

To the very edge of the world,

She was flying with all strength she had,

With the sweat rolling down her feathers.

If it saw some danger from the high, it landed and hid beyond some little hill.

Swallow passed over numerous lands,

Many shires had it left behind,

But when sun did its thirtieth rise,

It was near that very aul,

Little boy had asked it to find.

When it had reached aul, little swallow made a flight among the yurts, it sat on the top of one yurt, then on the top of the other. It looked at the people there with great attention, but still couldn’t find any resemblance with boy’s parents.

As it was very tired after the journey, the bird finally fell asleep. And then, through its sleep, it heard the lamentations of old woman. The swallow waked up and listened. The old woman was singing:

My dear boy, my sweet little colt,

The last wisp of the grey hair of mine,

The young bulrush beside the lake,

The only and dear son of mine!

Where shall I go to find your tracks?

Was this evil foe who took you?

Or the dog who had torn your flesh?

Or the stream in the mountain river?

If the death is what destiny wants,

Then my death for me would be dearer!

The year has passed, and here’s passing another,

What a grief for a poor old mother!

“Come on, don’t you cry”, an old men tried to set her down, however, soon he began to cry as well:

“You were growing like pile in the steppe,

My one and the only son,

I have crossed for almost whole world,

But my son nowhere was found!

I’ve become as lean as old camel,

My old bones, that were harder than rock,

Are now being crashed by the fever.

And on whom can I now lean upon?

Who had haunted my dear little eagle?

Now it’s only one thing I want,

To see my son before I am gone.

Then the young girl came, she asked the man and woman to be quit and began her own sad song:

You was thin like a newly forged sword,

Dear brother, who was born with me,

I thought my life will be vivid and light,

But now there’s no gladness I see.

I am dressed in all silks alone,

I have herds of fast horses for me,

But this all can not bring me delight,

Nor my friends always running around,

Always singing their fairy songs,

My soul is still tired and stoned

Now that my dear brother is gone.

All my best days I’m spending in grief.

Dear mother and father of mine,

Do not drop all those numerous tears,

For this night I have had a dream,

Might it be it is lucky for us?

Tell me now what this dream could mean!

There was falcon I had lost for once,

Who had suddenly come back to me,

And the horse that I love most of all,

Had also returned back home,

My dear brother I’ve seen in my dream,

He was entering our home for once more!

Kudai will repay our sorrow,

Only dead men can not be seen,

I do swear with Baba-Tukty,

And I swear with Azis-Shashty

I have seen also little swallow,

Who is very good news to bring.

When the swallow heard those words, it left her branch and landed before man and woman. They both cried and untied the amulet from swallow’s neck. Then they recognized Turkmen tamga and knew that Kara-Batyr is now in Turkmen land. So they gathered people, took their best horses and went to search for their son. When they found him, they gave Turkmen people lot of presents and finally took the boy home, to their aul.

How to Become a DJ: 10 Tips to Start DJing in 2025

English as a Second Language (ESL)

How to Become a DJ: 10 Tips to Start DJing in 2025

The world of DJing has evolved far beyond simply spinning dance records at night clubs. It's now a vibrant global community for independent artists to express themselves, create unique musical experiences, and become the next big name in the electronic scene.

How to become a DJ for beginners

Before diving headfirst into the deep and diverse world of DJing, it's crucial to immerse yourself in various genres of music. Explore everything from electronica to hip-hop, techno, house, and beyond. Your unique musical taste is what's going to set you apart from everyone else and help you craft out your niche as a DJ - not to mention provide that much-needed inspiration to get you started.

How to start DJing in 2025

1. Learn the basics of DJing

Got your eye on the latest speakers or headphones? Hold your horse. It's probably better to get a decent grasp of the fundamentals of DJing before forking out on a fancy new home studio setup. Some key topics you might wanna initially brush up on include:

Beatmatching

This is all about syncing the beats of two (or more) different tracks, ensuring a smooth transition between each song.

Mixing

Mixing is the part where you'll blend these tracks seamlessly - adjusting your volume, EQ, and adding any effects.

Phrasing

Phrasing will help you recognise different song structures and create cohesive mixes.

Scratching & effects

Once you've played about with the other stuff, you can start experimenting with advanced techniques like scratching and applying extra effects. This'll help you boost your live sets.

There are loads of online courses, tutorials, and production schools that offer in-depth training on these all of these topics, so it's worth dedicating some time to practice regularly and fine-tune your skills.

2. Invest in the right equipment

Basics ticked off. Now you need to pick out the right equipment. 

While professional setups can be expensive, there are loads of budget-friendly options for beginners. Consider purchasing a DJ controller, headphones, and a laptop loaded with DJ software. It might be pricey, but quality equipment is essential for honing your skills and creating top-notch mixes.

But this doesn't necessarily mean splashing out on the most expensive options. Northern Irish Producer & DJ, The Cyclist, has these tips for starting out and developing your skills:

“Start experimenting and learning the tools. There are so many free versions of everything to get started. Try searching for ‘free VSTs’ and go from there.”

3. Build your music library

Your DJ career ultimately hinges on the quality of music you play and how well it goes down with your crowd. To cover your own back during potentially tricky sets, you’ll want to build up a diverse and extensive music library. This will include a mix of tracks that resonate with your style and also the preferences of your target audience. 

Explore electronic music platforms like Beatport, buy sample packs from stores like Splice, and consider subscribing to DJ record pools for access to a wide selection of music.

4. Define your sound

Just as bands and solo artists need to nurture their own specific sound, DJs need to carve out their particular style and decide on the sound that they're going to build their career around.

Use other artists you're a fan of as reference and start playing about with certain sounds or samples that you like. This is the start of your journey so be experimental!

“Writing loops/beats/riffs is great fun and a place to start, but you need to finish tracks. Work on arranging these into a full track format - use other tracks as reference and for ideas on improving your production and arrangement.” - The Cyclist

5. Create your brand and identity

As an independent DJ, your brand is everything. Develop a unique name, logo, and visual style that reflects your personality and musical style. Your music branding should be consistent across all your promotional materials, from social media profiles to event flyers.

Once you’ve established your brand, you’ll be able to get a better understanding of your following and lean further into producing the sounds you're becoming associated with.

 

Take Fred Again.. as an example. His brand of honest and personal social media marketing lead to him selling out global tours as well as headlining Glastonbury and Coachella in 2023. A lot of the hype built up around Fred's came from his branding, a simple '..' - which was used across his merch and discography as well as used to tease appearances online and get more people chatting about him.

A large-scale example, but good branding strategy which you can apply to your own music.

 

Modal Auxiliaries

English as a Second Language (ESL)

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct modal given within the brackets to suit the sentence.

1. They ……………………….. (can/might) be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.

2. You ……………………….. (may/might) leave now if you want to.

3. ……………………….. (Could/Might) you open the door a bit, please?

4. He ……………………….. (can/could) be a Bengali, judging by his accent.

5 ……………………….. (May/Can) you play the violin?

6. Listen, carefully, you (may not/might not) ……………………….. speak during this exam.

7. They ……………………….. (can’t/may not) still be out!

8. You ……………………….. (mustn’t/might not) smoke on the bus.

9. With luck, tomorrow ……………………….. (can/could) be a rainy day.

10. You (can/might) ……………………….. be right but I’m going back to check anyway.

11. I don’t know Hindi and so I ……………………….. (must/should) learn before I go to Delhi.

12. ……………………….. you stand upside down for a minute? No, I (can’t/could)

13. You ……………………….. leave small objects lying around. Children swallow it by mistake, (shouldn’t /may)

14. This is a public place. You ……………………….. (must/should) not smoke.

15. ……………………….. (May/Can) I ask a question?

16. He had been toiling for the past fifteen hours. He ……………………….. (must/should) be exhausted.

17. Drivers ……………………….. (must/should) stop the vehicle when they see the red signal.

18. According to the weather forecast, it ……………………….. (will/may) rain tomorrow.

19. Please try to reach the venue before me. I ……………………….. (will/may) be late.

20 ……………………….. (Could/Would) you mind lifting this box for me?

Present Simple/Present Continuous Revision

English as a Second Language (ESL)

 

 

 

PART ONE

1.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple.
 

1 Ross ................................................... (not want) any peas.

2 ..................................... you ..................................... (like) onions?

3 This shop ................................................... (sell) my favourite ice cream.

4 Roy ..................................... often ..................................... (not ride) his motorbike.

5 We rarely ................................................... (have) barbecues.

6 What ..................................... your friends usually ..................................... (wear) to school?

2. Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous.

 

1 the tourists / climb / the mountain / now / .

.........................................................................................................................................................

2 I / not clean up / right now / .

.........................................................................................................................................................

3 where / Mary / stay / at the moment / ?

.........................................................................................................................................................

4 she / use / the printer / right now / .

.........................................................................................................................................................

5 the students / run / now / ?

.........................................................................................................................................................

6 my brother / not play / with me / now / .

.........................................................................................................................................................

 

3. Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the Present Simple.

 

not drive | not believe | finish | study | ride | enjoy

1 I usually ................................................... the school concerts. They’re fun.

2 We ................................................... his story because he isn’t always honest.

3 Jane ...................................................a car. She isn’t old enough.

4 ..................................... the students ..................................... French every day?

5 Our lesson ................................................... at 12.00 on Tuesdays.

6 Greg ................................................... his bicycle to school?

4.Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Continuous.

1 We haven’t got our car. The mechanic ................................................... (fix) it now.

2 I ................................................... (not order) pizza because my friends aren’t hungry.

3 Why ..................................... you ..................................... (laugh) at me?

4 Someone ................................................... (call) for help!

5 ..................................... the detective ..................................... (examine) the evidence right now?

6 Mum and Dad ................................................... (not sit) in the garden.

 

 

5.Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1 My teacher ................................................... (give) us homework every day.

2 Andrea ................................................... (not listen) to music at the moment.

3 ..................................... Joseph ..................................... (go) to a basketball lesson every week?

4 Make-up artists ................................................... (not tell) actors what to do.

5 I can’t go out now. I ................................................... (wait) for my friend.

6 ..................................... your sisters ..................................... (perform) with the school orchestra right now?

 

 

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