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School Subjects May Soon Be a Thing of the Past in Finland

Despite having one of the best education systems in the world, Finland is introducing some extraordinary changes to classrooms around the country.

Under the new National Curriculum Framework, which came into effect in August 2016, schools must provide one phenomenon based learning (PBL) project per year.

Rather than focusing on a subject, phenomenon based learning focuses on a topic which students explore from multiple perspectives. A topic like climate change, for instance, could be studied form of the perspective of science, economics, environmental studies, and politics.

The aim of PBL is to highlight the connections between subjects, and to show how subjects relate to real world issues.

Kirsti Lonka, a professor of educational psychology at Helsinki University believes that PBL encourages critical thinking. Where traditional education teaches students what to think, PBL teaches students how to think – a skill which Lonka says is essential in the 21st century.

The idea of phenomenon based learning, however, is not without its critics.

Physics teacher Jussi Tanhuanpaa worries that students will not learn enough about individual subjects to be able to study them at a higher level. He also fears that while PBL may benefit brighter students, those who need guidance will struggle.

Some academics are concerned that there is little evidence showing the effectiveness of PBL.

Anneli Rautiainen of Finland's national agency for education recognizes these concerns and says that PBL is being introduced slowly. Education is highly decentralized in Finland, which gives educators in each municipality the freedom to arrange curriculums as they see fit.

Finland’s education system is already unique in many ways. Children start formal schooling at age 7, the school day is only around 5 hours long, class sizes are small, students are rarely assigned homework, and all teachers must have a master’s degree.

LONG QUIZ FOR ECONOMICS 8

A paragraph about economic sector with blanks.

Idioms: 

• give the boot
• a lame duck
• feeling the pinch
• in the red
• hit rock bottom
• in the black
• playing with fire
• step into his shoes
• a firm hand
• pay dividends
• After months of poor performance, the company decided to __________ the CEO and look for a replacement.
• Ever since the elections, the outgoing president has been seen as __________, with very little influence.
• Due to the economic downturn, many families are __________ and struggling to make ends meet.
• The business was struggling for years, constantly __________, unable to turn a profit.
• When he lost his job and his savings, he truly __________ and didn’t know where to turn.
• After years of hard work, the company finally got __________ and started making a profit.
• Be careful with your investments; you’re __________ by putting all your money in high-risk stocks.
• When the manager resigned, it was difficult for anyone to __________ and maintain the same level of leadership.
• The new leader ruled the team with __________, ensuring discipline and focus at all times.
• Consistently investing in employee training will surely __________ in the long run, improving performance and morale.

Questions 6-8: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In the spaces provided, write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information.

6. ___T___ San Francisco has achieved tremendous successes in construction.
Þ    San Franciscans, and in some cases their counterparts in the Bay Area, have successfullyundertaken mammoth construction projects such as the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Bay Area Rapid Transit system.

7. ___F___ City agencies and private charities have succeeded in addressing the problem of homelessness.
Þ    The problem of homelessness persists despite the efforts of city agencies and private charities to provide shelter, health care, and drug, alcohol, and mental health treatment.

8. ___F___ The increasing economic polarization in San Francisco has no relation to ethnic and educational patterns.
Þ    This economic polarization coincides in part with ethnic and educational patterns.

The video game Fortnite is more popular than, movies and streaming videos among young people. This is according to the video streaming service Netflix. Gaming is becoming more and more popular with young people worldwide. TV viewing is becoming less popular. Netflix said Fortnite was now more of a competitor than HBO - another popular streaming company. Fortnite is much more popular with young men. A study from the American Economic Association found that between 2015 and 2017, men aged between 21 and 30 spent more time on gaming. Their playing rose from 2.3 hours a day to 4 hours, while time spent on watching TV, movies or streaming fell.

Netflix said it must do more to compete with Fortnite. It said the video game was a big challenge in "the global war for Internet users' attention". Netflix said: "We compete with, and lose to, Fortnite....There are thousands of competitors in this market [trying] to entertain consumers." Fortnite is owned by the company Epic Games. It has over 200 million registered users. More than 80 million people log in to play the game each month. Fortnite is so popular because the game's competitive version is free to play. However, other parts of the game helped Epic Games to make $3 billion in profit last year. Epic has plans to build its own app and game store that will be cheaper than Apple's and Google's.

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