What the future holds

Vocabulary - English Language

PART 1: VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. Match the words with their definitions.

WORDS:

prediction

gadget

underwater city

robotic housemaid

mini-submarine

glass dome

traffic jam

look forward to

DEFINITIONS:

a) a small vehicle that travels under water

b) a statement about what will happen in the future

c) a small useful machine or tool, often electronic

d) a city built below the surface of the ocean

e) a robot that does cleaning and other housework

f) a round transparent roof or cover

g) a situation when vehicles are stuck and cannot move

h) to feel excited about something that will happen

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with words from the box.

Use each word only once.

WORD BOX:

prediction, fuel, exist, creature, online school, petrol, planet, look after

Scientists think that life might __________ on other planets.

My sister studies at an __________ — she has lessons from home.

We must take care of our __________ and protect the environment.

A robot pet can __________ you when you are lonely.

Electric cars don't use __________; they use electricity instead.

No one can make a 100% accurate __________ about the future.

In the future, we may meet a strange __________ from space.

Scientists are looking for a new type of clean __________ for cars.

FUTURE SIMPLE (will + infinitive)

Use for predictions and future facts.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into Future Simple.

I think robots __________ (do) most housework in 2050.

__________ people __________ (live) on Mars one day?

She probably __________ (not / use) paper books in the future.

We __________ (travel) in flying cars, I'm sure!

__________ you __________ (help) me with my project tomorrow?

They __________ (not / need) petrol cars because of electric vehicles.

ZERO CONDITIONAL (If + Present Simple, Present Simple)

Use for facts and general truths.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences using Zero Conditional.

If you __________ (heat) ice, it __________ (melt).

If people __________ (not sleep) enough, they __________ (feel) tired.

Plants __________ (die) if they __________ (not get) water.

If you __________ (mix) red and blue, you __________ (get) purple.

My phone __________ (not work) if the battery __________ (be) empty.

FIRST CONDITIONAL (If + Present Simple, will + infinitive)

Use for real possibilities in the future.

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences using First Conditional.

If it __________ (rain) tomorrow, we __________ (stay) at home.

She __________ (pass) the exam if she __________ (study) hard.

If they __________ (not hurry), they __________ (miss) the bus.

I __________ (buy) a robot pet if I __________ (have) enough pocket money.

__________ you __________ (come) to the party if your friends __________ (go)?

If we __________ (protect) nature now, the planet __________ (be) healthier in the future.

Exercise 6. Zero or First Conditional? Choose the correct option.

If you freeze water, it turns / will turn into ice. (fact)

If I see Tom tomorrow, I tell / will tell him about the project. (future possibility)

If people don't recycle, the planet gets / will get more polluted. (future result)

If you heat metal, it expands / will expand. (scientific fact)

She will be / is upset if she doesn't get the job. (future possibility)

Exercise 7. Read the text and mark the statements T (True) or F (False).

                   Life in 2070: What Will Change?

Many scientists make predictions about the future. They believe that by 2070, our lives will be very different.

First, transport will change. Petrol cars will probably disappear because they pollute the planet. Instead, people will use electric cars, flying taxis, or even mini-submarines in underwater cities! Traffic jams might become a thing of the past.

Second, technology will help us at home. Robotic housemaids will do the housework: clean the rooms, cook dinner, and look after children. Some families will have robot pets that don't need food or walks but can still show affection.

Education will change too. Many students will attend online schools from their glass domes at home. They will look up information instantly and keep notes on digital devices. However, teachers will still be important as role models and sources of inspiration.

But not everything will be easy. If we don't take care of our planet now, the future will be difficult. If pollution continues, clean water and air will become expensive. That's why many young people today want to help out at home and protect the environment.

What do you think? Will the future be amazing or challenging? One thing is definite: the future is in our hands!

TRUE OR FALSE? Read the statements and write T or F. Correct the false statements.

Scientists think that petrol cars will still be popular in 2070. _____

Flying taxis and mini-submarines might be common in the future. _____

Robot pets will need the same care as real puppies. _____

All students will go to traditional schools in the future. _____

Teachers will not be necessary if students use online schools. _____

If we pollute the planet now, clean air and water will be expensive later. _____

Young people today don't care about the environment. _____

The writer believes that we can influence the future. _____

READING

Reading Comprehension - English Language

World Asia

Satellite images show how hundreds of North Korean troops were likely transported to a secluded Russian port

Image removed.

By Lauren Kent, CNN

 5 min read 

Published 9:10 PM EST, Wed February 26, 2025

 

Image removed.

A Russian landing ship comes and goes from the port of Dunai, in Russia’s far east, on November 30. Researchers have been tracking Russian ships believed to be used for transfers of North Korean troops. 

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies/Planet Labs PBC

CNN — 

Hundreds of North Korean troops were likely transported by sea to Russia to fight in its war against Ukraine, satellite images have revealed, according to a new analysis from a US-based think tank shared exclusively with CNN.

At least two Russian naval ships are believed to have moved North Korean soldiers to a Russian military port in Dunai, in the far east, in October and November, according to researchers at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies, in California.

The ship transfers were first identified by the South Korean National Intelligence Service (NIS), which said in a press release last year that some soldiers were transported via the North Korean port areas of Chongjin, Hamhung and Musudan. But the South Korean agency only offered a grainy radar image at the time.

Image removed.

Related articleNorth Korean troops pulled back from frontline after heavy losses, Ukrainian officials say

“I don’t think that the Russians or the North Koreans want these transfers caught on camera,” Sam Lair, a research associate at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, told CNN. “The secrecy element is quite remarkable.”

Now, researchers have verified that during the same time period of the troop transfers reported by South Korea intelligence, the Russian vessels identified by the spy agency docked at Dunai port in a remote, eastern part of Russia.

In North Korea, soldiers likely boarded these ships at night, making it difficult to capture evidence of the transfers, researchers said. But satellite images have revealed activities at Dunai, “where it appears the Russians have been less careful.”

 

For example, in one satellite image from Planet Labs, a crane can be seen extending to one of Russia’s naval landing ships, which researchers believe is the Nikolay Vilkov, at the port on October 17, and a covered cargo truck is on the dock next to it. By October 20, the crane is retracted, and it appears a transfer of soldiers is complete.

Researchers could identify the Russian “Ropucha-class” and “Alligator-class” ships in the satellite images because they match with photos captured by the Japanese Defense Ministry in March 2022, when the vessels passed through Japanese waters.

Image removed.

A crane is seen extending to one of Russia’s naval landing ships, which researchers believe is the Nikolay Vilkov, at Dunai port on October 17, and a covered cargo truck is on the dock next to it. 

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies/Planet Labs PBC

Image removed.

By October 20, the crane is retracted from the Russian landing ship at Dunai port, and it appears a likely transfer of North Korean soldiers is complete. 

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies/Planet Labs PBC

Each landing ship is believed to have capacity to hold several hundred soldiers, possibly as many as 400, according to the researchers.

Lair explained that Dunai is a secure military facility, making it much more conducive to under-the-radar transfers than the large, nearby port of Vladivostok, which is in an area where civilians live.

“This is an isolated place where they can do these exchanges, where people aren’t going to notice… (where) their own citizens, and folks in the intelligence community might not notice,” Lair said.

An estimated 12,000 North Korean soldiers have been sent to Russia, according to Ukrainian officials and Western intelligence reports in January, which say around 4,000 of those troops have been killed or injured. Kyiv says it has captured at least two North Korean soldiers. Neither Moscow nor Pyongyang have confirmed the existence of North Korean troops on the front lines.

CNN has reached out to the Russian Ministry of Defense for comment.

North Korean troops have been deployed to Kursk since late October to repel Ukraine’s incursion in the southern Russian border region.

 

© Mapbox © OpenStreetMap Improve this map

Rajin Port, North Korea

Dunai Port, Russia

“The Russians seem to have been very careful to limit the exposure of the North Korean soldiers, moving them directly to military training facilities. The motive behind all the secrecy surrounding the North Koreans is uncertain, but moving some of them through Dunai would aid in that effort,” Lair wrote in his analysis.

Dunai port has previously been used to transport cargo between Russia and the North Korea since Pyongyang started aiding the invasion of Ukraine in 2023, according to the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies.

Satellite images taken in October show a cargo ship being loaded at Rajin port in North Korea, and the same ship docked two days later at Dunai in Russia.

An October 2023 report from the UK-based think tank The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI) said that “Russia has likely begun shipping North Korean munitions at scale” to the “inconspicuous naval facility” tucked away in Dunai.

Image removed.

A cargo ship, the Angara, is loaded at Rajin port in North Korea, on October 27, 2023. 

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies/Planet Labs PBC

Image removed.

The same ship, the Angara, is docked two days later on October 29, 2023, at the secluded port of Dunai in Russia. 

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies/Planet Labs PBC

“We spend a lot of time looking at North Korea in general, because of North Korea’s nuclear weapons program, their conventional weapons program, their missile programs… So, we’ve been monitoring the North Korea-Russia connection since it started, in part because we think that that relationship might be going both ways,” Lair said.

Alyona Getmanchuk, director of the New Europe Center think tank in Kyiv, told a forum in South Korea this week that North Korea is gaining valuable combat experience with its involvement in Ukraine.

“It’s not only about supplies of missiles, it’s about testing their missiles in real battlefield conditions,” Getmanchuk said during the forum at the Goethe Institute in Seoul.

She said North Korea has used that experience to upgrade missiles to make them more accurate.

Pyongyang’s ground troops are also getting better, Getmanchuk said.

“They came totally unprepared… Now they are learning very quickly,” adapting to their tactics to be effective in “modern, hi-tech warfare,” she added.

Lair said the Pyongyang-Moscow relationship has deepened since the invasion began. “Sending your own soldiers to fight in someone else’s conflict really suggests the strength of the connection,” he said.

There are indications that Russia and North Korea are no longer using the sea route to transport troops, according to the think tank. Meanwhile, South Korean intelligence has reported that Russian military planes are frequently flying between Vladivostok and Pyongyang.

CNN’s Brad Lendon contributed to this report.

 

Corgi

  • English Language
  • 9th grade

Corgi

Vocabulary - English Language

1. Read the text and match the abstracts with the gaps.

Science and technology are subjects that fascinate many people, especially students eager to learn about the latest advancements. Today, we are often at the cutting edge of scientific discovery, witnessing innovations that were once considered impossible.

Gap 1 ________________

One of the most exciting aspects of modern technology is that it is often the brainchild of talented individuals who dared to dream. These innovators push the right buttons to create products and services that can change our daily lives.

Gap 2 __________________

However, the road to advancement can sometimes be difficult. Occasionally, projects can be thrown a spanner in the works due to unforeseen challenges. In these cases, teams must work together to oil the wheels of progress, ensuring that everything runs smoothly.

Gap 3 ______________________

Despite these hurdles, we continue to move forward. Some technologies may initially seem like they are light years away from our reach, but with persistent effort and creativity, we can bring them closer.

Gap 4 ________________________

As students of science and technology, you have the opportunity to set the wheels in motion for your future careers. Embrace the challenges, learn from every experience, and who knows?

Gap 5 _______________________

Abstracts

A It is crucial not to reinvent the wheel when we have excellent foundations to build on. Each innovation is just a cog in the machine of progress; together, they contribute to enhancing our lives.

B While some discoveries seem extraordinary, it's important to remember that it’s often not rocket science. Many innovations stem from simple ideas that have been tweaked and improved upon.

C For example, new reports about breakthrough technologies are hot off the press every week, capturing our attention and sparking our imagination.

D You might be the next person to push boundaries and make incredible contributions to the world around us.

E If a device is on the blink or failing to function properly, finding a solution becomes necessary.

 

2. Read the statements and define whether they are true or false.

  1. True or False: Science and technology are often seen as subjects that are difficult to understand for most students.
  2. True or False: The text suggests that many innovations in technology originate from simple ideas that have been improved over time.
  3. True or False: The phrase "throwing a spanner in the works" refers to the ease of implementing new projects.
  4. True or False: The text implies that students in science and technology have the potential to make significant contributions to future advancements.
  5. True or False: According to the text, all technological advancements are complex and require advanced mathematical understanding.

 

3. Choose the only right option for each question.

  1. What is one of the key aspects of modern technology mentioned in the text?
    • A) It is often based on complex theories.
    • B) It is primarily developed by large corporations.
    • C) It often originates from simple ideas that are improved upon.
    • D) It is solely the result of government funding.
  2. According to the text, what can sometimes hinder progress in technological advancements?
    • A) Lack of interest from students.
    • B) Unforeseen challenges that disrupt projects.
    • C) Insufficient funding for research.
    • D) Overcomplicated theories in science.
  3. The phrase "throw a spanner in the works" is used in the text to describe:
    • A) A tool used in scientific experiments.
    • B) A situation that complicates progress.
    • C) A method of innovation.
    • D) A successful project outcome.
  4. What does the author suggest about the relationship between innovations and existing ideas?
    • A) Innovations should always be completely original.
    • B) Innovations can build on excellent existing foundations.
    • C) Innovations are often unnecessary.
    • D) Innovations are a waste of time.
  5. What opportunity do students of science and technology have, according to the text?
    • A) To avoid challenges and focus on simple tasks.
    • B) To set the wheels in motion for their future careers.
    • C) To rely solely on past discoveries.
    • D) To wait for others to innovate.

4. Answer the following questions:

  1. What role do individual innovators play in technological advancements, according to the text? Provide specific examples from the passage.
  2. How does the text describe the relationship between simple ideas and significant innovations? What does this imply about the nature of creativity in technology?
  3. Identify and explain the metaphor used in the phrase “throwing a spanner in the works.” How does it relate to the challenges faced in scientific projects?
  4. What does the text suggest about the importance of teamwork when encountering unforeseen challenges in technological development? Support your answer with evidence from the text.
  5. Discuss the significance of the phrase “not to reinvent the wheel” in the context of the text. How does it reflect the approach to building upon existing knowledge in science and technology?
    1. Read the text and match the abstracts with the gaps.

    Science and technology are subjects that fascinate many people, especially students eager to learn about the latest advancements. Today, we are often at the cutting edge of scientific discovery, witnessing innovations that were once considered impossible.

    Gap 1 ________________

    One of the most exciting aspects of modern technology is that it is often the brainchild of talented individuals who dared to dream. These innovators push the right buttons to create products and services that can change our daily lives.

    Gap 2 __________________

    However, the road to advancement can sometimes be difficult. Occasionally, projects can be thrown a spanner in the works due to unforeseen challenges. In these cases, teams must work together to oil the wheels of progress, ensuring that everything runs smoothly.

    Gap 3 ______________________

    Despite these hurdles, we continue to move forward. Some technologies may initially seem like they are light years away from our reach, but with persistent effort and creativity, we can bring them closer.

    Gap 4 ________________________

    As students of science and technology, you have the opportunity to set the wheels in motion for your future careers. Embrace the challenges, learn from every experience, and who knows?

    Gap 5 _______________________

    Abstracts

    A It is crucial not to reinvent the wheel when we have excellent foundations to build on. Each innovation is just a cog in the machine of progress; together, they contribute to enhancing our lives.

    B While some discoveries seem extraordinary, it's important to remember that it’s often not rocket science. Many innovations stem from simple ideas that have been tweaked and improved upon.

    C For example, new reports about breakthrough technologies are hot off the press every week, capturing our attention and sparking our imagination.

    D You might be the next person to push boundaries and make incredible contributions to the world around us.

    E If a device is on the blink or failing to function properly, finding a solution becomes necessary.

     

    2. Read the statements and define whether they are true or false.

  6. True or False: Science and technology are often seen as subjects that are difficult to understand for most students.
  7. True or False: The text suggests that many innovations in technology originate from simple ideas that have been improved over time.
  8. True or False: The phrase "throwing a spanner in the works" refers to the ease of implementing new projects.
  9. True or False: The text implies that students in science and technology have the potential to make significant contributions to future advancements.
  10. True or False: According to the text, all technological advancements are complex and require advanced mathematical understanding.
  11.  

    3. Choose the only right option for each question.

  12. What is one of the key aspects of modern technology mentioned in the text?
    • A) It is often based on complex theories.
    • B) It is primarily developed by large corporations.
    • C) It often originates from simple ideas that are improved upon.
    • D) It is solely the result of government funding.
  13. According to the text, what can sometimes hinder progress in technological advancements?
    • A) Lack of interest from students.
    • B) Unforeseen challenges that disrupt projects.
    • C) Insufficient funding for research.
    • D) Overcomplicated theories in science.
  14. The phrase "throw a spanner in the works" is used in the text to describe:
    • A) A tool used in scientific experiments.
    • B) A situation that complicates progress.
    • C) A method of innovation.
    • D) A successful project outcome.
  15. What does the author suggest about the relationship between innovations and existing ideas?
    • A) Innovations should always be completely original.
    • B) Innovations can build on excellent existing foundations.
    • C) Innovations are often unnecessary.
    • D) Innovations are a waste of time.
  16. What opportunity do students of science and technology have, according to the text?
    • A) To avoid challenges and focus on simple tasks.
    • B) To set the wheels in motion for their future careers.
    • C) To rely solely on past discoveries.
    • D) To wait for others to innovate.
  17. 4. Answer the following questions:
  18. What role do individual innovators play in technological advancements, according to the text? Provide specific examples from the passage.
  19. How does the text describe the relationship between simple ideas and significant innovations? What does this imply about the nature of creativity in technology?
  20. Identify and explain the metaphor used in the phrase “throwing a spanner in the works.” How does it relate to the challenges faced in scientific projects?
  21. What does the text suggest about the importance of teamwork when encountering unforeseen challenges in technological development? Support your answer with evidence from the text.
  22. Discuss the significance of the phrase “not to reinvent the wheel” in the context of the text. How does it reflect the approach to building upon existing knowledge in science and technology?

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